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Extreme Rainfall & Infrastructure Risk — Reports
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About These Tests
Wilcoxon signed-rank — tests whether predicted values systematically differ from observed.

Spearman ρ — rank correlation between observed and predicted.

CV — coefficient of variation; compares spread.

McNemar χ² — classification agreement: do observed and predicted agree on threshold exceedance?

Return Period ⓘ
A T-year return period means P(exceed) = 1/T per year, NOT "won't happen for T years." P(≥1 in T yrs) ≈ 63.2%.
— annual exceedance probability = 1/T. A 5-yr event has a 20% annual probability.

Impact Threshold — based on 4,064 mm/yr PAGASA annual baseline. Extreme events defined relative to structure design limits.

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Max Simulated

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Highest value across all simulations (baseline).

Threshold Status ⓘ
Whether the design threshold was exceeded. Threshold is based on structure type + municipality offset. The 4,064 mm/yr annual baseline = 11.1 mm/day.

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Avg Simulated

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Mean simulated rainfall (baseline scenario).

People Affected

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Estimated population at risk (baseline).

CC-Adjusted Max ⓘ
Clausius-Clapeyron adjusted max: Base × (1 + 0.07 × ΔT) where ΔT was set in the Simulator.

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At climate sensitivity setting

Vuln. Index

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Composite 0–100 risk score.
Historical Annual Maxima
Observed peak daily rainfall per year vs. predicted values. Dashed red = infrastructure threshold.
Return Levels (Gumbel EVT) ⓘ
Dashed line = infrastructure threshold. Bars exceeding it = design capacity risk. Colors indicate impact class.
Estimated extreme rainfall per return period. Dashed = threshold.
Vulnerability by Scenario — All Climate Scenarios
ScenarioP(Exceed/yr)P(≥1 in 10yr)Simulated p95CC-Adj p95ImpactPeopleAssets (₱)Vuln.
Annual Anomaly Detection
vs PAGASA baseline 4,064 mm/yr
YearObserved (mm)Δ from 4,064mm BaselineStatus
Monthly Seasonal Rainfall Distribution
Average daily rainfall per month from simulation input data. Color-coded against infrastructure threshold to identify safe planning windows.
💡 DPWH: Schedule major construction during LOW months. Farmers: Avoid planting in HIGH / CRITICAL months. Threshold: —
No monthly data available. Run simulation with daily CSV data.
Monthly Rainfall Profile (avg mm/day)
Return Period vs. Exceedance Probability ⓘ
A 5-year return period does NOT mean the event will only happen once every 5 years. It means there is a 20% annual probability of being exceeded. Over 5 years, P(≥1 occurrence) = 67.2%.
Clear breakdown of what return periods mean in terms of annual and multi-year exceedance probabilities.
Return Period (T) Annual P (1/T) P(≥1 in T yrs) P(≥1 in 10 yrs) Gumbel RL (mm/day) CC-Adjusted RL vs. Threshold
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How to read: A 5-yr return level has a 20% annual exceedance probability. Over 5 years, P(≥1 occurrence) = 67.2%. Over 10 years = 89.3%. This is why critical infrastructure should be designed to 25–50 year standards.

CC-Adjusted column applies the Clausius-Clapeyron relation at the ΔT setting used in the last simulation: Adjusted RL = Base RL × (1 + 0.07 × ΔT).
Return Period vs. Return Level Curve
Statistical Test Results
Wilcoxon W: —
z: —
p-value: —
Spearman ρ: —
CV (Obs): —
CV (Sim): —
McNemar χ²: —
McNemar p: —
Load simulation data to populate statistical tests.
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank — Per-Year Detail
Non-zero differences only ranked
#YearObservedPredictedDiff|Diff|RankW−W+
Sum → ——
Observed Annual Maxima — Full Table
YearObserved (mm)Predicted (mm)Difference
Validation & Back-testing Report
Gumbel model statistics and observed vs. predicted annual maxima. Back-testing demonstrates model accuracy and supports the McNemar test reporting.
Model Performance Statistics
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Observed vs. Predicted Annual Maxima
Gumbel Q-Q Probability Plot
Points near the diagonal = good Gumbel fit. Deviation at tails shows model uncertainty for rare events.

📊 Report Interpretation